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The number of elements to be mixed at any particular time is considered a function of the particular customers’ need and the system specification requirements. Static mixers that are best suited for specified application can be selected based on the process unit operation that is practised. Pumps and or blower are used to deliver the various components in their ration to be mixed. Static mixers homogenize fluids with no moving parts. There were no previously unidentified potential hazardous events with significant off-site impact determined.Mixers are used for continuous processes where they stir two or more components to achieve the desired product with the required distribution of the makeup components. The actions recorded during the study were mostly in the design or “improved operability and maintainability” categories. Significant issues identified were then recorded in the HAZOP study notes taken during the study process for inclusion in the final version of the updated procedures for the facility. During the study, the safety management system and existing site operating procedures were discussed and included as potential causes for hazardous events and significant operability problems. Therefore, the hazards were generally well-known as well as the required control measures to reduce risk to within limits or acceptable levels as a requirement are made. The group at large had a significant amount of information prior to and experience in the design and operation of mixing section of the plants. 2.4 The overall heat transfer coefficient The overall heat transfer coefficient in the condenser is given by: (7) q = U,A,ATM = U_A ATMĢ.Engineering line diagram, control system and equipment design have been updated to reflect the outcome of the HAZOP exercise. (6) 1 Where m, is the mass flowrate of the cold water, Cpw is the specific heat capacity of the cold water, Tco is the temperature of the cold water at the condenser outlet, and Ta is the temperature of the cold water at the condenser inlet. The energy gained by cooling water is given by: En = mwCpw (Tico - T. The energy of the condensate in the condenser is given by: Ez = m Cpe(Tet - Teb) + mehre + m Cpe(Teb -T.) (5) Where To is the temperature of the evaporated solution at the evaporator inlet, and Tc is the temperature of the condensed solution at the condenser outlet. The condenser The energy given to the cold water is supplied by the condensation of the evaporated solution as well as by the cooling of the latter to the temperature of the condensates at the output. The energy necessary to evaporate the solvent Ez is given by: E2 = mehre (4) Where me is the mass flowrate of the solvent (g), and hte is the latent heat of vaporisation of the evaporated solution (J/g). There ma is the mass flowrate of the feed solution (g), Cpa is the specific heat capacity of the feed olution (J/g.☌), Te is the boiling point of the feed solution (☌), and T, is the temperature of the feed olution at the evaporator inlet (☌).
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2.3.2 Mass balance of the solute MC = McCc + Mece (2) 38 Where Ox is the concentration of the solute in the initial solution (g/L), Cc is the concentration of the solute in the concentrated solution (g/L), and C, is the concentration of the solute in the evaporated solution (g/L): 2.3.3 The energy balance The evaporator The energy necessary to boil the feed solution Et is given by: E1 = mapa(Ted -T.) (3) 3 0.484 0.378 Concentration Brix Column Feed Concentrate condensate 6.2 3.3 4.0 0.0 G Sucrosemi solution 6.2 3.3 4.0Ĭoncentration Brix G sucrosemi solution 6.2 SBOD DODUODA 6.2 3.3 Column Feed Concentrate condensate 3.3 4.0 4.0 0.0 Flow rate EVAPORATOR CONDESER MI/MIN 10 250 TEMAPATATURE T1 T4 T2 T3 C С с С 20.1 22.7 18.5 65.2Ģ.3 Calculations 2.3.1 Global mass balance In theory, sugar and water of the initial solution should be similar to the sum of sugar and water in th concentrated product and in the condensed product that is to say: The equation governing the global mass balance around an evaporator is the following: Initial Mass = concentrated mass + evaporated mass M = MC + Me (1) Where M is initial mass (g), Mc is the mass of concentrated solution (g), and M, is the mass of evaporated solvent (g).